Mt. Ararat High School
Reference Paper Stylesheet

Stylesheet Version 5.6; revision history; based on MLA Handbook, Fifth Edition, 1999

Printer-friendly format as a pdf.

Source

How It Looks in "Works Cited"

Issues and Explanations

Marcuse, Sibyl. A Survey of Musical Instruments. New York: Harper, 1975.

Harper is the shortened publisher name. Book formats also apply to pamphlets.

Gagne, Jeff, and Don Crabb. Database Design. Foster City, CA: M&T Books, 1998.

Reverse first author's name only. If three authors or more, simply use first author, et al. (e.g., Gagne, Jeff, et al.).

L'Engle, Madeleine. A Wrinkle In Time. 1962. New York: Dell, 1973.

Book came out in 1962, but the paperback version came out in 1973.

Boroff, Marie, ed. A Gawain Critical Anthology. New York: Norton, 1967.

If two editors, use eds. If more than two, use first author, et al., eds.

---. Wallace Stevens: A Man of Parts. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice, 1970.

This book, like the one above, is by Boroff. Instead of repeating Boroff, Marie, use "---." for each book after the first one listed. See Citation Sample 3

Commission on the Humanities. The Humanities in American Life: Report of the Commission on the Humanities. Berkeley: U of California P, 1980.

Literary Market Place: The Directory of American Book Publishing. 1984 ed. New York: Bowker, 1983.

Instead of making long parenthetical citation for works like this, build title into your sentence. See Citation Sample 5.

Caird, George B. "Paul, the Apostle." Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropaedia. 1974 ed.

No extra period needed after middle initial of author's name. No page number needed.

"Mandarin." Encyclopedia Americana. 1980 ed.

No page number needed.

Jackson, Jacquelyn L. "African American Studies Programs." Encyclopedia of Multiculturalism. Vol. 1. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1994, 48-52.

This article was found in volume 1 of the Encyclopedia of Multiculturalism on pages 48-52. This particular article has an author, Jacquelyn L. Jackson, who is listed at the end of the article. For articles without an author, use the editor of the series, Susan Auerbach. If there is not an author or an editor, begin the citation with the title of the entry, in this case, "African American Studies Programs."

Sipper, Ralph B. "How High the Sun and Other Tracking Clues." Los Angeles Times Book Review. 25 July 1982, 6. Qtd. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 62. Detroit: Gale, 1991, 255.

Criticism was found in volume 62 of Contemporary Literary Criticism on page 255; the criticism is quoted and cited from page 6 of the Los Angeles Times Book Review. Because Sipper is the authority for the material, his name leads the citation.

Lloyd, Henry. "Free Enterprise Should Be Regulated." Capitalism: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Bruno Leone. St. Paul, MN: Greenhaven, 1986, 29-32.

Lloyd wrote the article printed in the book edited by Leone. Opposing Viewpoints is the subtitle of the book. The article "Free Enterprise Should Be Regulated" is on pages 29-32.

United States. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Statistics. Dictionary of Occupational Titles. 4th ed. Washington: GPO, 1977.

Instead of making a long parenthetical citation for works like this, build "author" into your sentence. See Citation Sample 5.

Begley, Sharon. "A Healthy Dose of Laughter." Newsweek 4 Oct. 1982: 74-78.

Article was on pages 74 through 78. Customary to repeat the last two page digits (not "74-8").

"An Uneasy Silence." Computerworld 28 Mar. 1983: 84.

Article was on page 84. No period after periodical titles. Alphabetize under "U" --initial "A," "An," and "The" are ignored.

Clark, Herbert H., and Thomas H. Carlson. "Hearers and Speech Acts." Language 58 (1982): 332-73.

Article appeared in volume 58 of Language, on pages 332 through 373. No months used in academic continuously paged journals. Customary to repeat only last two page digits (not "332-373").

"Breathing on a Jet Plane -- How Fresh Is the Air?" Consumer Reports Aug. 1994: 501-6.

Some "popular" magazines use continuous paging. Use date, not volume number. No need to repeat second digit in page number when it is "0."

Dexter, Tim. "Steve Reich, A Young Turk, Approaches 50." New York Times 1 June 1986, sec. H: 23-24.

Article appeared in section H of the paper, on pages 23-24. For all newspapers, if city is not in paper name, add city and state in brackets after name (e.g., Spokesman-Review [Spokane, WA]).

"Rumford Quiet After Klan Visit." Portland Press Herald 28 Sept. 1987, sec. 1: 1.

Article appeared in section 1 of the paper, on page 1.

Sheraton, Mimi. "How America Eats: A Nutritional Dilemma." New York Times 11 June 1980, C14. Qtd. in Lewis Regenstein. America the Poisoned. Washington: Acropolis, 1982, 267.

Article was found in Regenstein's book America The Poisoned on page 267; he quoted and cited Sheraton's article from section C page 14 of the New York Times. Because Sheraton is the authority for material, her name leads citation.

Murrow, Edward R. Year of Decision: 1943. Columbia, CPS-3872, 1957.

Columbia is the record label, CPS-3872 is the serial number of the record.

Jurassic Park. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Writ. Michael Crichton and David Koepp. Universal, 1993. MCA/ Universal Home Video, 1994.

Film was released in 1993 by Universal Studios and was re-released on videotape in 1994 by MCA/Universal Home Video.

Adams, Charles J. "Islam." Encyclopedia Americana. CD-ROM. 1995.

Format is similar to print counterpart, with the addition of CD-ROM.

The First Americans. Narr. Hugh Downs. Writ. and prod. Craig Fisher. NBC News Special. WCSH, Portland, ME. 21 Mar. 1987.

Show was broadcast from WCSH in Portland, ME on 21 Mar. 1987.

Mitchell, George. Personal Interview. 27 July 1987.

Researcher interviewed Mitchell on 27 July 1987. This format is also used for a letter written to the researcher; substitute "Letter to the author" for Personal Interview.

Ellison, Ralph. Interview. "Invisible Man." Atlantic. With James Alan MacPherson. Mar. 1970: 45-60.

James Alan MacPherson, the writer of the article, interviewed Ellison, the subject of the article. Use this form when entire article (except for an introduction) is a verbatim interview.

Chadwick, Michael. "Is the Lobster Fishery Going to Pot?" Time Canada 18 Oct.1999: 26-27. MAS Ultra-School Edition. EBSCOhost. Mt. Ararat High School Lib., Topsham, ME. 1 April 2002. <http://web.epnet.com/>.

Orignially published in Time Canada on 18 Oct. 1999. Accessed online at Mt. Ararat High School Lib. on 1 April 2002. For subscription services, include the database: MAS Ultra-School Edition; the online service: EBSCOhost; and the abbreviated web address: <http://web.epnet.com/> in the citation.

Lazar, Kay. "Lobstermen Can't Catch a Break." The Boston Herald 13 August 2001: 4. Lexis-Nexis Scholastic Edition. Lexis-Nexis. Mt. Ararat High School Lib., Topsham, ME. 2 Jan. 2002. <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/scholastic/>.

Originally published in The Boston Herald on 13 Aug. 2001. Accessed online at Mt. Ararat High School Lib. on 2 Jan. 2002. For subscription services, include the database: Lexis-Nexis Scholastic Edition; the online service: Lexis-Nexis; and the abbreviated web address: <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/scholastic/> in the citation.

Lanken, Dane. "When the Earth Moves." Canadian Geographic Mar.-Apr. 1996: 66-73. SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Mt. Ararat High School Lib., Topsham, ME. 15 June 1996. <http://sks.sirs.com/>.

Originally published in Canadian Geographic in Mar.-Apr. 1996. Accessed online at Mt. Ararat High School Lib. on 15 June 1996. For subscription services, include the database: SIRS Researcher; the online service: SIRS Knowledge Source; and the abbreviated web address: <http://sks.sirs.com/> in the citation.

"Weather Forecasting." Gale Encyclopedia of Science 2001. Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Student Resource Center. Mt. Ararat High School Lib., Topsham, ME. 21 Jan. 2003. <http://www.galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/>.

Originally published in Gale Encyclopedia of Science in 2001. Accessed online at Mt. Ararat High School Lib. on 21 Jan. 2003. For subscription services, include the database: Gale Encyclopedia of Science; the online service: Student Resource Center; and the abbreviated web address: <http://www.galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/> in the citation.

American Civil Liberties Union. "Book Banning Threatens Free Speech." Free Speech 2000. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Mt. Ararat High School Lib., Topsham, ME. 25 Oct. 2002. <http://www.galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/OVRC/>.

Originally published in Free Speech in 2000. Accessed online at Mt. Ararat High School Lib. on 25 Oct. 2002. For subscription services, include the database: Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center; the online service: Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center; and the abbreviated web address: <http://www.galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/OVRC/> in the citation.

Monastersky, Richard. "Deep Rock Gives Lift to Africa." Science News 26 Sept. 1998: 205. Student Resource Center. Student Resource Center. Mt. Ararat High School Lib., Topsham, ME. 18 Oct. 2000. <http://www.galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/>.

Originally published in Science News on 26 Sept. 1998. Accessed online at Mt. Ararat High School Lib. on 18 Oct. 2000. For subscription services, include the database: Student Resource Center; the online service: Student Resource Center; and the abbreviated web address: <http://www.galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/> in the citation.

Diringer, David. "Hieroglyphics." Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Online. Mt. Ararat High School Lib., Topsham, ME. 21 Jan. 2003. <http://go.grolier.com/>.

Article accessed online at Mt. Ararat High School Lib. on 21 Jan. 2003. All encyclopedias accessed through the Mt. Ararat High School web site are subscription services. Include the database: Encyclopedia Americana; the online service: Grolier Online; and the abbreviated web address: <http://go.grolier.com/> in the citation.

Harris, Robert. Rev. of Dave Barry in Cyber-space. Dave Barry. 13 Oct. 1996. The New York Times on the Web. Online. 10 Feb. 1999. <http://www.nytimes.com/books/>.

Review written by Harris of book by Barry. Article found online 10 Feb. 1996.

Thomson, Barry. "Virtual Reality." E-mail to author. 25 Jan. 1995.

Thomson sent e-mail to the author with Virtual Reality as a subject heading.

Goldman, Jerry. "Oyez Oyez Oyez: Miranda v. Arizona -Docket." The Oyez Project Northwestern University. 23 Oct. 2000. <http://oyez.nwu.edu/cases/cases.cgi? case_id=251&command=show>.

The title of the page as it appears in the browser's title bar is Oyez Oyez Oyez: Miranda v. Arizona -Docket; The Oyez Project Northwestern University is the name of the site the page was part of; 23 Oct. 2000 is the date the page was accessed.

Bruckman, Amy. "Approaches to Managing Deviant Behavior in Virtual Communities." 4 Dec. 1994. <ftp://ftp.media.mit.edu/pub/asb/papers/ deviance-chi94>.

4 Dec. 1994 is the date of access; if the date of the document itself is available, add it between the title and the URL ("<ftp....").

Citation Samples

Explanations

Researchers even tried to establish the medical benefits of watching TV sitcoms (Begley 77).

Citation shows last name of author and page number.

Ellison's well-known and strong views on race relations in America "have changed very little" (46).

Citation shows only page number because name of author is in the sentence.

One writer declares that Stevens is "dominated by two powerful . . . strains" (Boroff, Wallace Stevens 34), and she offers strong support in detailed readings of many of Stevens' major poems.

Citation shows book title as well as last name of author and page number because there are two books by author in Works Cited.

Government control of cryptography is one of many troubling issues surrounding government and technology ("Uneasy Silence").

Citation shows only shortened version of title because no author or page is listed in Works Cited.

Literary Market Place reports that New York City is still "the literary center of the country" (ix).

Citation shows only page number because authorless book title appears in sentence.

The United States Department of Labor had joined the movement against gender-biased language: the infamous "spokesperson" became legitimate (145).

Citation shows only page number because government author appears in sentence.

Overall Issues

1. Academic writing has a traditional look. Pick one serif font (e.g., Bookman, Courier, Garamond, Georgia, New Century, Palatino, any version of Times), not sanserif (e.g., Arial, Avant Garde, Futura, Helvetica), and use it throughout the paper. Avoid the use of styles other than Italic (when appropriate; see 6) --no Shadow, Outline, etc.
2. Normal type size is 12 point.
3. The entire paper is doubled-spaced. This rule applies to everything --title, text, quotations, Works Cited. If your word processor uses "leading" instead of line-spacing, use 32-point leading.
4. Margins of one inch appear on all pages.
5. Page numbers appear on all pages, including Works Cited, Works Consulted, and Appendices.
6. In publishing, underlining is the indication to a typesetter that the words are to appear italicized; e.g., New York Times underlined means New York Times. If your word-processor has the ability to use italics, do so; if not, underline all items that should be italicized. (This is true in source cards and note cards as well -- underline those items that later will be italicized. )
7. Headings, such as the title of the paper, "Works Cited," "Works Consulted," and "Appendix" are centered near the top of the page.

First Page / Title Page

1. Instructors vary in what they want, but the first page of the paper should include title, the student name, course name, instructor name and submission date. If the instructor prefers a title page, the same information should appear there, as well as on the first page of the paper itself.
2. The title is neither underlined, italicized, placed in "quotation marks," nor printed in ALL CAPS; only the First Letter of the Major Words Should Be Capitalized.

Works Cited

1. "Works Cited" is the list of all works explicitly referred to in the paper. "Works Consulted" is a list of all works used by the writer, even if not explicitly referred to. Be sure to find out which one the instructor wants.
2. Both "Works Cited" and "Works Consulted" are alphabetized, appear at the end of the paper, and include page numbers.